```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>软件测试方法论全景指南</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/tailwindcss/2.2.19/tailwind.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Serif+SC:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@300;400;500;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@latest/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', 'Noto Serif SC', Tahoma, Arial, Roboto, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", "Droid Sans Fallback", "Heiti SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", Simsun, sans-serif;
            color: #333;
            background-color: #f8fafc;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }
        .hero-gradient {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4f46e5 0%, #7c3aed 100%);
        }
        .card-hover {
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
        }
        .card-hover:hover {
            transform: translateY(-4px);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        }
        .test-type-icon {
            font-size: 2rem;
            color: #4f46e5;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
        }
        .drop-cap:first-letter {
            float: left;
            font-size: 4rem;
            line-height: 0.8;
            margin-right: 0.5rem;
            color: #4f46e5;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .section-divider {
            border: none;
            height: 1px;
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(79, 70, 229, 0.5), transparent);
            margin: 3rem 0;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="antialiased">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <div class="hero-gradient text-white py-20 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
        <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto text-center">
            <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-6xl font-bold mb-6 tracking-tight">软件测试方法论全景指南</h1>
            <p class="text-xl md:text-2xl max-w-3xl mx-auto opacity-90 leading-relaxed">
                掌握现代软件开发中10种关键测试类型，构建坚如磐石的代码质量防线
            </p>
            <div class="mt-10">
                <div class="inline-block bg-white bg-opacity-20 backdrop-blur-sm rounded-full px-6 py-3 text-sm font-medium hover:bg-opacity-30 transition-all cursor-pointer">
                    <i class="fas fa-book-open mr-2"></i> 开始探索
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 py-16">
        <!-- Introduction -->
        <div class="mb-16 text-center max-w-4xl mx-auto">
            <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-6">为什么测试如此重要？</h2>
            <p class="text-lg text-gray-700 leading-relaxed drop-cap">
                在项目开发过程中，自测（Self-Testing）是确保代码质量和功能完整性的重要环节。自测不仅能帮助开发人员发现并修复错误，还能提高代码的可靠性和维护性。一个完善的测试策略应该像金字塔一样，底部有广泛的单元测试，中间有集成测试，顶部有少量端到端测试。
            </p>
        </div>

        <!-- Test Types Visualization -->
        <div class="my-16">
            <div class="mermaid">
                graph TD
                    A[软件测试方法论] --> B[单元测试]
                    A --> C[集成测试]
                    A --> D[端到端测试]
                    A --> E[性能测试]
                    A --> F[安全测试]
                    A --> G[回归测试]
                    A --> H[烟雾测试]
                    A --> I[用户验收测试]
                    A --> J[测试覆盖率]
                    A --> K[测试用例管理]
                    B --> L[验证最小单元]
                    C --> M[验证组件交互]
                    D --> N[验证完整流程]
                    E --> O[评估系统性能]
                    F --> P[识别安全漏洞]
                    style A fill:#4f46e5,color:#fff
            </div>
        </div>

        <hr class="section-divider">

        <!-- Unit Testing Section -->
        <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-12 items-center mb-20">
            <div>
                <div class="flex items-center mb-6">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-cube"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 ml-3">1. 单元测试</h2>
                </div>
                <div class="prose prose-lg text-gray-700">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800">定义</h3>
                    <p>单元测试是对软件系统中最小可测试单元（通常是类或函数）进行的测试，目的是验证每个单元是否按预期工作。</p>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">工具和框架</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li><strong>JUnit</strong>：广泛使用的Java单元测试框架</li>
                        <li><strong>Mockito</strong>：用于模拟对象和依赖，简化测试过程</li>
                        <li><strong>TestNG</strong>：功能更强大的测试框架，支持并行测试等高级功能</li>
                    </ul>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">实践</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li>编写测试用例来验证函数和方法的正确性</li>
                        <li>使用Mock对象隔离被测试单元的外部依赖</li>
                        <li>确保测试用例覆盖所有可能的代码路径，包括正常和异常情况</li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="bg-gray-50 rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100">
                <div class="bg-gray-800 rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="bg-gray-900 px-4 py-2 flex items-center">
                        <div class="flex space-x-2">
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-red-500"></div>
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-yellow-500"></div>
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-green-500"></div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="text-xs text-gray-400 ml-4">CalculatorTest.java</div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-4 font-mono text-sm text-gray-300 overflow-x-auto">
                        <span class="text-purple-400">@Test</span><br>
                        <span class="text-blue-400">public void</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">testAdd</span>() {<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">Calculator</span> calculator = <span class="text-blue-400">new</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">Calculator</span>();<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-yellow-300">assertEquals</span>(<span class="text-green-400">5</span>, calculator.<span class="text-yellow-300">add</span>(<span class="text-green-400">2</span>, <span class="text-green-400">3</span>));<br>
                        }
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p class="mt-4 text-sm text-gray-600 text-center">使用JUnit进行单元测试的简单示例</p>
            </div>
        </div>

        <hr class="section-divider">

        <!-- Integration Testing Section -->
        <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-12 items-center mb-20">
            <div class="order-2 md:order-1">
                <div class="bg-gray-50 rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100">
                    <div class="bg-gray-800 rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
                        <div class="bg-gray-900 px-4 py-2 flex items-center">
                            <div class="flex space-x-2">
                                <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-red-500"></div>
                                <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-yellow-500"></div>
                                <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-green-500"></div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="text-xs text-gray-400 ml-4">UserServiceIntegrationTest.java</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="p-4 font-mono text-sm text-gray-300 overflow-x-auto">
                            <span class="text-purple-400">@RunWith</span>(<span class="text-blue-400">SpringRunner</span>.<span class="text-blue-400">class</span>)<br>
                            <span class="text-purple-400">@SpringBootTest</span><br>
                            <span class="text-blue-400">public class</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">UserServiceIntegrationTest</span> {<br>
                            <br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-purple-400">@Autowired</span><br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">private</span> <span class="text-blue-400">UserService</span> userService;<br>
                            <br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-purple-400">@Test</span><br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">public void</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">testCreateUser</span>() {<br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">User</span> user = <span class="text-blue-400">new</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">User</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"John"</span>, <span class="text-green-400">"Doe"</span>);<br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">User</span> savedUser = userService.<span class="text-yellow-300">createUser</span>(user);<br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-yellow-300">assertNotNull</span>(savedUser.<span class="text-yellow-300">getId</span>());<br>
                            &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>
                            }
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="mt-4 text-sm text-gray-600 text-center">使用Spring Boot Test进行集成测试的示例</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="order-1 md:order-2">
                <div class="flex items-center mb-6">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-puzzle-piece"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 ml-3">2. 集成测试</h2>
                </div>
                <div class="prose prose-lg text-gray-700">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800">定义</h3>
                    <p>集成测试关注于系统中多个组件或模块之间的交互。它的目标是验证这些组件在一起时的行为是否符合预期。</p>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">工具和框架</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li><strong>Spring Boot Test</strong>：用于测试Spring Boot应用程序，包括上下文加载和组件交互</li>
                        <li><strong>Arquillian</strong>：用于集成测试的容器管理工具</li>
                    </ul>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">实践</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li>测试模块之间的接口和交互，确保数据和控制流的正确性</li>
                        <li>使用嵌入式数据库（如H2）或测试数据库执行测试，以验证数据库操作的正确性</li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <hr class="section-divider">

        <!-- E2E Testing Section -->
        <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-12 items-center mb-20">
            <div>
                <div class="flex items-center mb-6">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-desktop"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 ml-3">3. 端到端测试</h2>
                </div>
                <div class="prose prose-lg text-gray-700">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800">定义</h3>
                    <p>端到端测试（E2E测试）验证系统的整体功能，从用户输入到系统输出，确保所有系统组件协同工作。</p>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">工具和框架</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li><strong>Selenium</strong>：用于自动化Web应用程序的浏览器测试</li>
                        <li><strong>Cypress</strong>：现代端到端测试框架，提供快速的测试编写和执行</li>
                    </ul>
                    
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-800 mt-6">实践</h3>
                    <ul>
                        <li>编写自动化脚本模拟用户行为，验证系统功能的完整性</li>
                        <li>测试用户界面的所有功能，包括输入、按钮点击和导航</li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="bg-gray-50 rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100">
                <div class="bg-gray-800 rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
                    <div class="bg-gray-900 px-4 py-2 flex items-center">
                        <div class="flex space-x-2">
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-red-500"></div>
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-yellow-500"></div>
                            <div class="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-green-500"></div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="text-xs text-gray-400 ml-4">LoginTest.java</div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="p-4 font-mono text-sm text-gray-300 overflow-x-auto">
                        <span class="text-purple-400">@Test</span><br>
                        <span class="text-blue-400">public void</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">testLogin</span>() {<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-blue-400">WebDriver</span> driver = <span class="text-blue-400">new</span> <span class="text-yellow-300">ChromeDriver</span>();<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">get</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"http://example.com/login"</span>);<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">findElement</span>(<span class="text-blue-400">By</span>.<span class="text-yellow-300">name</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"username"</span>)).<span class="text-yellow-300">sendKeys</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"user"</span>);<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">findElement</span>(<span class="text-blue-400">By</span>.<span class="text-yellow-300">name</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"password"</span>)).<span class="text-yellow-300">sendKeys</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"password"</span>);<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">findElement</span>(<span class="text-blue-400">By</span>.<span class="text-yellow-300">name</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"login"</span>)).<span class="text-yellow-300">click</span>();<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="text-yellow-300">assertTrue</span>(driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">findElement</span>(<span class="text-blue-400">By</span>.<span class="text-yellow-300">id</span>(<span class="text-green-400">"welcome-message"</span>)).<span class="text-yellow-300">isDisplayed</span>());<br>
                        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver.<span class="text-yellow-300">quit</span>();<br>
                        }
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p class="mt-4 text-sm text-gray-600 text-center">使用Selenium进行端到端测试的示例</p>
            </div>
        </div>

        <!-- Other Test Types Grid -->
        <div class="mt-16">
            <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold text-center text-gray-900 mb-12">其他关键测试类型</h2>
            <div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                <!-- Performance Testing Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-tachometer-alt"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">4. 性能测试</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">评估系统在不同负载条件下的响应时间、吞吐量和稳定性。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> JMeter, Gatling</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 模拟实际使用场景，监控系统资源使用情况</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Security Testing Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-shield-alt"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">5. 安全测试</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">评估系统的安全性，识别潜在的漏洞和安全隐患。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 扫描常见漏洞，进行手动安全验证</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Regression Testing Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-history"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">6. 回归测试</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">验证系统在功能更改或修复后是否仍能正常工作。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> Selenium, TestNG</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 定期执行，集成到CI流程中</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Smoke Testing Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-smoking"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">7. 烟雾测试</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">基础的测试，检查系统的主要功能是否按预期工作。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> 手动测试或自动化工具</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 执行基本功能测试确保核心功能正常</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- UAT Testing Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-user-check"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">8. 用户验收测试</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">验证系统是否符合用户需求和业务需求。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> 手动测试</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 与实际用户合作测试并收集反馈</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Test Coverage Card -->
                <div class="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 shadow-sm border border-gray-100 card-hover">
                    <div class="test-type-icon">
                        <i class="fas fa-chart-pie"></i>
                    </div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-3">9. 测试覆盖率</h3>
                    <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">度量测试用例覆盖的代码量，帮助识别未测试的代码区域。</p>
                    <div class="text-sm text-gray-600">
                        <p><strong>工具:</strong> JaCoCo, Cobertura</p>
                        <p><strong>实践:</strong> 运行覆盖率工具，提高关键代码覆盖率</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script>
        mermaid.initialize({
            startOnLoad: true,
            theme: 'default',
            flowchart: {
                useMaxWidth: true,
                htmlLabels: true,
                curve: 'basis'
            }
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>
```